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Today we are talking about directories
last week we did a podcast on permissions
so now that you can change the permissions on directories, you might want to go in them
you can do all of this through Konqueror or Nautilus depending on your Window Manger
everything is more fun when you use the command line
so before I explain what different directories are lets go over some directory commands
also before we start the ~ means home directory
so to change directories we use the cd command
cd stands for change directory
so you can use it cd /home/
and that will change to your home directory
now there are some special characters
if you do cd ../ you will go up one directory
so if you were in the /home/joe directory and you ran that command you would go to the /home directory
also the cd ./<folder name>
will go into a directory starting from your current directory
so if you were in /home and you wanted to go to /home/joe you would type cd ./joe
you can type cd /joe because that would back out to your root directory (/) and try to go to /joe
another command you should know is pwd
this will Print your Working Directory
all you have to type is pwd and it will tell you where you are
another command is ls
we talked a little about this last podcast
it lists all of the files and folders in your current directory
so now we can move around in the command line let me tell you about the root folders
these are the folders that you see when you go to the / directory
the first you will see is /bin
that contains executables
these don't need you to link directly to them
when you type something like ls it will look in this directory to see if that file is in there
when it finds it, it then runs it
most basic Unix commands are in here such as ls, cp, cd and many others
if you have a executable that you run a lot put it in that directory so you don't need to provide the full path to it
the next one is /boot
this is the files that the kernel needs to boot, don't mess with these
the next directory is the /dev directory
this hold mount points to the boot drive and other
you don't need to go in there
then you will see the /etc directory
this has main system configuration files
you will see X11 config files, as well as many others
if you need to find a config file, and aren't sure where to look, that is a good place to check
the /home directory is where all of your users home directories are
if you have a user call joe
you will have a folder called /joe in there
the next directory is /lib
lib is short for library
this hold library files
these basically are pre-made code that linux programmers can use to there advantage in their own code
also you have the /proc directory
this is for system monitoring
many system monitoring applications use these files
they are differen't from distro to distro
also generally, don't touch any of these files
the next directory is /sbin
these contain system executables
these are usually system administration programs so normally you won't have access to them as a local user
these usually are very powerful commands, yet can do a lot of damage
the tmp directory is very convient
this has almost not restrictions in it
it is used to put temporary files
a lot of distros clear this at boot
so don't put anything critical there
the /usr directory does not actually contain any user files
it is where the bulk of the Linux system lies
you have many third-party pieces of software that put info there
the last folder we are going to talk about is /var
the /var directory is where programs record runtime information
generally this is log files, user tracking and caches
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